У детей важно правильно различать вид ринита, чтобы не навредить ребенку и быстро вылечить его от насморка, который долго может не проходить. В прошлой статье разобрали особенности лечения хронического, аллергического и других ринитов. По каким симптомам можно отличить инфекционный ринит от медикаментозного и как правильно их вылечить.
Инфекционный детский ринит
Инфекционный детский ринит является одним из признаков острого респираторного заболевания. Причиной ринита служат бактерии и вирусы, глубоко проникающие в слизистую носа. У ребенка резко поднимается температура, возникает неконтролируемый озноб. Ребенок отказывается кушать. Через некоторое время он начинает кашлять, а из носа начинает выделяться слизь. Доктора выписывают больному ребенку комплекс лекарств, в который также включают сосудосуживающие назальные препараты. Родители должны знать, что пользоваться каплями в нос больше 5 дней нельзя. Это вызывает стойкое привыкание, что приводит к усугублению заболевания и появлению медикаментозного детского насморка. Лучше использовать сосудосуживающие спреи в ночное время, позволяя ребенку дышать самостоятельно днем. Для быстрого выздоровления доктора рекомендуют следующий комплекс мер:
- научить ребенка правильно освобождать нос;
- промывать нос растворами на основе морской соли, которые продаются в аптеках;
- давать ребенку много жидкости в виде клюквенных морсов, отваров из шиповника и т.п.;
- контролировать влажность в комнате, где находится ребенок;
- часто проветривать и убирать квартиру.
Медикаментозный детский ринит
Медикаментозный детский насморк возникает на фоне длительного или частого использования сосудосуживающих спреев и капель. Если капли применять более 5 дней, то появляется так называемый эффект бумеранга, который проявляется в усилении заложенности носа и появлении отечности. В организме любого человека естественным путем выделяется норадреналин, который сужает сосуды. Если этот естественный биологический процесс нарушить неправильным лечением, то результат будет плачевным. У ребенка сильно заложит нос. Ухудшение состояния будет сопровождаться водянистой слизью из носовой полости, зудом, сухостью в носовой полости, потерей обоняния, отеком и слезотечением. Нередкой будет и головная боль типа мигрени. Ребенок станет капризным, будет плохо спать. Для определения медикаментозного детского насморка доктора применяют инструментальные методы, например, МРТ, эндоскопию, компьютерную томографию.
Медикаментозный детский насморк необходимо неотложно лечить, так как он может стать причиной более серьезных заболеваний. Может быть нарушена работа сердечно-сосудистой и эндокринной систем. Доктора лечат медикаментозный детский насморк посредством назальных препаратов, физиотерапевтических процедур. В легких случаях ребенку могут помочь промывания носа с помощью морской воды или раствора ромашки. В запущенных случаях применяют лишь операционные методы лечения.
Чтобы предотвратить заболевания медикаментозным насморком, нужно соблюдать следующие правила:
- нельзя капать назальные препараты больше 5 дней;
- ребенку нужно заниматься спортом, закаливать организм, чаще находиться на свежем воздухе;
- обеспечить ребенку правильный рацион, дополненный витаминами и минералами.
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